How Europe Went To War In 1939. Complicated and contested stories of conflicts have been told by the Imperial War Museum (IWM) for more than a century. Metrolink offers fast, frequent and fully accessible transport to and from Manchester city centre. NEXT VIDEO: The Churchill War Rooms - to. The Imperial War Museums are pretty amazing. Displayed for the very first time, these powerful photographs capture the special connections between Holocaust survivors and the younger. 1 to 48 of 60. 36 hours net per week. The Ministry of Food was responsible for overseeing rationing. The Imperial War Museum is open every day from 10 a. Changed Fighting Tactics On The Western Front. Imperial War Museum, Lambeth Rd, London SE1 6HZ, England; +44 20 7416 5000. Find the massive B-52 Stratofortress, get face-to-face with the Blackbird - the fastest jet aircraft ever made - and climb onboard Concorde. Jobs at. Compare prices of 511 hotels in Imperial War Museum on KAYAK now. Its exhibits may be disheartening and some artefacts disturbing, but a visit to the Imperial War Museum is not only educational, but necessary as well. The poster depicts a soldier wearing a helmet with a laurel wreath. m. Parking. Prime Minister Winston Churchill recognised. New exhibits in the permanent galleries at IWM London and IWM North included items from IWM’s rich collection that will went on display for the very first time. Hall of Remembrance. Object Title. One of the most popular war related museums in London is the Churchill War Rooms. In the autumn of 1918, Germany and its allies were exhausted. It includes the items that they used, cherished and – in some cases – hid, to ensure that their experiences are meaningfully remembered. 29 September 2023 to 14 April 2024. 2-star hotels from $16, 3-star from $24 & 4-stars+ from $37. Horatio Herbert Kitchener (1850-1916) is best remembered for his appearance on Alfred Leete's famous First World War poster, 'Your Country Needs You' (see PST 0414). Our collection primarily covers the activities of British and Commonwealth forces in times of conflict from official, press, and private perspectives. Book online today. Description. 8 May 1945 – VE (Victory in Europe) Day – was one that remained in the memory of all those who witnessed it. and admission is free. By 1945, however, colonies were an expensive liability for Clement Attlee's newly elected Labour government. Britain's largest aviation museum, Duxford houses the museum's large exhibits, including nearly 200 aircraft, military vehicles, artillery and minor naval vessels in seven main exhibition buildings. Over a period of nine months, over 43,500 civilians were killed in the raids, which focused on major cities and industrial centres. IWM's collection consists of approximately 800,000 items, and includes a wide range of materials: Find out more about each of these departments at Our Collections. In partnership with the Royal Photographic Society (RPS) and Jewish News, Generations: Portraits of Holocaust Survivors will showcase new works from 14 contemporary photographers. Pearl Harbor? On the morning of 7 December 1941, at 7. From the Somme to Afghanistan and Iraq, 500 works capture a century of warfare at the museum’s new Blavatnik art, film and photography. Major innovations were made in manufacturing, chemistry and communications, while medical advances led to the improved treatment and. Fun Fact. One of five branches of the Imperial War Museum, it explores the impact of modern conflicts on people and society. Teacher eNews. Next. THE BRITISH ARMY IN NORTH AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST 1940-1947. The introductory gallery illustrates how Hitler and his gang. Exhibition,. At 8. m. Become a MemberFrom 2 April 2022, Imperial War Museums marked the 40th anniversary of the Falklands Conflict. The Imperial War Museum in London is a far more life-affirming place than its martial name suggests, painting a broad picture of how soldiers and citizens on the home front cope with armed conflict. Imperial War Museum. 1. 60 Weekly Services. Elephant & Castle Underground. Object category. Including war time fiction and nonfiction, on First and Second World War military history . Period 1980-1989. Browse 4,905 authentic imperial war museum stock photos, high-res images, and pictures, or explore additional imperial war museum london or imperial war museum north stock images to find the right photo at the right size and resolution for your project. 3 miles from Imperial War Museum) Set 1. £27,274 a year. m. Discover genuine WW1 and WW2 1940's vintage clothing and museum souvenir t-shirts, merchandise, accessories for men, women and children. After the Japanese surrender in 1945, the War Rooms were closed on August 16, 1945. Located on Sentosa Island, Fort Siloso is the only preserved coastal fort in Singapore today. WW2 London Walking Tour & Churchill War Rooms Entrance Ticket. Book your tickets online for Imperial War Museum London, London: See 10,737 reviews, articles, and 5,777 photos of Imperial War Museum London, ranked No. E 15479. Find out about Churchill's remarkable 90-year life and leadership, from his lonely childhood to his military career, two periods as Prime Minister and beyond in the interactive Churchill Museum. It was – and remains – a contentious period, with roots going back centuries. Make Tea Not War poster, designed by British advertising agency Karmarama, for the Stop the War Coalition. Photographer – Stills (Digital Futures) Imperial War Museums. 0. All lifts in the museum are wheelchair accessible. The assault utilised the largest number of tanks yet assembled. Pearl Harbor? On the morning of 7 December 1941, at 7. Traditionally IWM has supported the Friends in their. 32 reviews. Of Arctic Convoys. Please explore our current vacancies and create job alerts to receive updates straight to your inbox. The Imperial War Museum North (IWMN) in Manchester, England, tells the story of how war has affected the lives of British and the Commonwealth citizens since 1914. Last modified on Wed 23 Jun 2021 10. S Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, hoping that the U. Unable to take any further part in the fighting, they became Prisoners of War, or POWs. Photographs. During the Second World War, American servicemen and women were posted to Britain to support Allied operations in North West Europe, and between January 1942 and. 1. IWM. 2019 marked the 75th anniversary of D-Day. Imperial War Museum North is one of a group of museums in the UK in which it is situated in the heart of Salford Quays. Imperial War Museum North (sometimes referred to as IWM North) is a museum in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford in Greater Manchester, England. Photo credit: ©Imperial War Museum. Create New Alert. You can reach it via the MediaCityUK Metrolink tram stops. Location of Imperial War Museum on the map of London. 1. From the wonder of its world-famous atrium to the countless discoveries on each of its six floors, it is a place filled with the power to move, surprise and inspire. The interlocking of three of these fragments—representing earth, air, and water—comprise the building’s form. Imperial War Museums and Lloyd’s Register Foundation are collaborating on a five-year project to explore how conflict has driven innovation in science and technology, and how this innovation affects safety today on land, at sea, and in the air. 5 jobs at Imperial War Museums. Discover Canada’s rich military history at the Canadian War Museum through artifacts, personal accounts, works of art, photographs and interactive presentations. Fittingly located at Duxford Airfield, one of the best-preserved World War One airfields in Britain. This consists of the largest oral history collection of its type in the world, with contributions from both service personnel and non-combatants as well as significant holdings of speeches, sound effects, broadcasts, poetry and music. The worst hit places tended to be the poorer districts, like the. 142 on Tripadvisor among 2,669 attractions in London. 3000 square metres and spanning two floors at IWM London, they provide a truly global narrative. John Singer Sargent, ‘Gassed’ (1919). Mondays are reserved to accommodate up to four researchers for viewing 3D objects or artwork subject to availability. Creator. Best Time to Visit. However, the Palace's glass. Related period. Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The Plantation of Ulster at the beginning of the 17th century settled Protestants from. The museum's remit has since expanded to. to 6:00 p. Today, it is known as one of the finest war museums in the world. Unknown. IWM holds approximately 11 million photographs covering the cause, course and consequences of modern conflict from the First World War to present day. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Imperial War Museum stock. series. From the wonder of its world-famous atrium to the countless discoveries on each of its six floors, it is a place filled with the power to move, surprise and inspire. The Imperial War Museum is busiest on Saturdays in. The First World War was a war of innovation. 20. London Waterloo National Rail. Their intention was to destroy and damage as much of the US Pacific Fleet as possible, before it could respond to Japanese operations taking place. London. Aspirations and hopes for the future were a dominant theme in many of the government's public information campaigns after the war had ended. Imperial War Museums explores conflict from WW1 to the present day. m. Image Credit: Stuart Kelly / Alamy Stock Photo. Full-time. Products or similar software on Apple Mac machines…. Our collection primarily covers the activities of British and. Label. . About. Plan your visit to HMS Belfast. Other. The bombing of these cities in August 1945 brought an end to the Second World War, but at a terrible cost to the Japanese civilian population, and signalling the dawn of the nuclear age. On 1 July 1918, an explosion at Chilwell killed 134 workers - male and female - and wounded many more. The first party of 14 women arrived on the Western Front on 31 March 1917. by Peter Suciu. You identify the weak point in the enemy's line, break through, and cause disruption in the enemy's rear areas. It has five sites across the UK, including IWM London, IWM North, HMS Belfast, IWM Duxford and Churchill War Rooms. Railways provided the enormous logistical capacity needed to support huge armies in the field for years on end, including transportation of millions of artillery shells. A dead body would be ‘planted’ off the coast of Spain carrying secret documents which purported to. Members of both the WAAC and WRNS transferred to the new service, which grew to 32,000, serving at. The evacuation, sometimes referred to as the Miracle of Dunkirk, was a big boost for British morale. From the Cold War to the Present. The artworks shown here explore a range of reactions to the Holocaust – from the deeply personal responses of survivors to the more documentary approach of official war artists recording the sights of Bergen-Belsen after its liberation in April 1945. New exhibits in the permanent galleries at IWM London and IWM North included items from IWM’s rich collection that will. About. Live arrivals at 10:14:39. 1mo. Images that tell the story of war and conflict over more than 100 years are to go on display for the first time next year in new Imperial War Museum galleries. Find the massive B-52 Stratofortress, get face-to-face with the Blackbird - the fastest jet aircraft ever made - and climb onboard Concorde. Duxford Imperial War Museum, Cambridge. Historical Tours. Battle of Britain 80 -. In 1942 and 1943 Anglo-American forces concentrated on offensives in North Africa and the Mediterranean, which ruled out a return to northern Europe. The V-weapons' apparently random strikes were. The invasion of northern France in 1944 was the most significant victory of the Western Allies in the Second World War. At IWM North explore the conflicts that Britain and the Commonwealth have been involved in since the First World War to the current day through a timeline of objects that have borne witness to historic events. Princess Elizabeth joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service during World. Please refer to your knowledge, skills and past achievements related to the job. This museum takes you back in time during the war that shaped the country’s history. Visit one of our five sites or explore our archives to discover real stories of modern war. The longtime protestor camped. Remembrance Poppy. Its play on words and parody of Tony Blair have made it one of the most recognisable of that period. IWM will open a major video games exhibition, mark significant Cold War anniversaries and celebrate Her Majesty The Queen’s upcoming Platinum Jubilee as part of our 2022 programme. These were opened to the public in 1984. By the spring of 1944 Germany had been dominant in western Europe for four years. Before The First World War. The main reason I visited this museum was to see two recently opened. IWM North is one of the five branches of the Imperial War Museums - the only one. Their intention was to destroy and damage as much of the US Pacific Fleet as possible, before it could respond to Japanese operations taking place. IWM is a global authority on conflict and its impact on people’s lives. A historic warship and museum, exploring stories of life on board during conflict and peace. Imperial War Museums (IWM) is a British national museum organisation with branches at five locations in England, three of which are in London. The extensive collections of the Imperial War Museums reflect people from all walks of life. Object Details. From its beginning then the Imperial War Museum was never – as some might wrongly assume – about glorifying war. Between 1900 and 1914, Germany became identified by Britain as the chief foreign threat to its Empire. The Society of Friends of Imperial War Museums (Friends of IWM) is a charity that aims to advance the education of the public by providing support to the IWM. Thomas Edward Lawrence was. Black Americans in Britain during WW2. Covert operations and deception plans aimed to confuse the enemy at every opportunity. The number of visitors to Imperial War Museums (IWM) in England declined by roughly 89 percent in 2020/2021 over the previous fiscal year due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. 2 Dugard Way, London SE11 4TH England. The image below is the main atrium of the museum, a huge space redesigned in 2014 to commemorate 100 years since the start of the First World War. 1) Perhaps the best remembered British airplane is the Sopwith Camel, which entered service in the summer of 1917, helping to transform the Royal Flying Corps. From spies to submarines and life on the Home Front, Imperial War Museums is bringing history into the homes of families across the world, sharing unique and personal stories from our extraordinary collections. Imperial War. HMS Belfast. IWM Institute is IWM's research and knowledge exchange hub, dedicated to experimenting with new ways of deepening public understanding of war and conflict. The Women’s Royal Air Force (WRAF) was born on 1 April 1918 with the Royal Air Force. 2nd millennium 125 items. This was, to a large extent, the outcome of the policies pursued by Germany's leader, Kaiser Wilhelm II – most notably his eagerness to build a battle fleet to rival. The Imperial War Museum building used to be the Bethlem Royal Hospital, but has been used as a museum since 1936. It is an underground complex in Whitehall made up of basement offices for the key persons in the government. The committee who commissioned the series of paintings saw them as, “the greatest artistic. 1942-08-10. IWM H 6318. 2. Download the application forms. As a thank you for your support, you will enjoy free admission to our charging branches including IWM Duxford, Churchill War Rooms and. Browse more than 8,000 Communities that have been created by members of the public. Poppies were a common sight, especially on the Western Front. Every man, woman and child was given a ration book with coupons. This figure does not include men who may have had anti-war sentiments but were either unfit, in reserved occupations, or had joined the forces anyway. Based on IWM’s ground-breaking new Second World War and Holocaust Galleries, this book examines the development of the Holocaust as it appeared to those who witnessed it. The Naval Race Between Britain And Germany. Imperial War Museums. Fort Siloso. Timeline. St George's Road / Imperial War Museum - Bus; St George's Road / Imperial War Museum; St George's Road / Imperial War Museum. m. Travelling to IWM London. The installation is one of many artworks at IWM North created in response to war and conflict, including the architecture of the building itself. Not all of the items in our collection are digitised. It meant an end to nearly six years of a war that had cost the lives of millions; had destroyed homes, families, and cities; and had brought huge suffering and privations to the populations of entire countries. '". Before you book please consider supporting IWM by becoming a member. The museum chronicles wars from WWI to present-day conflicts. Browse Getty Images' premium collection of high-quality, authentic Imperial War Museum stock. Imperial War Museum North Promenade. The promenade is part of the Irwell City Park project. Walk through a timeline of history from the First World War to the present day. Our expert staff have put together these useful guides to help you start your research into your family history, explaining what records you will need. Physical description. 275. The aerodrome at Duxford was built during the First World War and was one of the earliest Royal Air Force stations. Like most popular attractions in London, the Imperial War Museums are busiest during the middle of the day from 11 am - to 4 pm. 344; 360; Bus stop L. Hear the stories of those who lived and worked at historic Duxford, and learn more about Duxford’s role in the Battle of Britain by visiting the Ops Block. Westminster Bridge Road Riverside Building, County Hall, London SE1 7PB England. Tuesday-Friday we are open for fifteen individual researchers who can order up to 10 items per day. Museum says decision to retain funding for Holocaust Galleries complies. Alternatively, search more than 1 million objects from IWM collections Menu. Lambeth, London (0. The exhibition showcases over 150 objects, newly. Most of the exhibits survived the war, but a Short seaplane, which had flown at the Battle of Jutland, was shattered when a German bomb fell on the Naval Gallery on 31 January 1941 and some. School groups can choose to take part in a variety of learning sessions, aimed at KS2-4 and led by one of our expert educators. The Battle of Britain was one of the most pivotal moments in WWII and the Duxford aerodrome was at the forefront of the battle for England’s airspace. The condition became known as ‘shell shock’. Price: Free. At Bantock House, letters are displayed alongside objects selected from Wolverhampton’s collection and relevant items loaned from local collectors. IWM North. German troops set fire to a Russian village. Once ashore, the screes were dropped and the. 1 Very good. Imperial War Museum North, Manchester, United Kingdom. Last modified on Wed 23 Jun 2021 10. Exhibitions, talks and events planned at IWM North. Of 20th And 21st Century Wars. At IWM North explore the conflicts that Britain and the Commonwealth have been involved in since the First World War to the current day through a timeline of objects that have borne witness to historic events. The Holocaust exhibition on the third and fourth floors is one of the most powerful and effective exhibits you’ll ever see in a military museum. The flower provided Canadian doctor John McCrae with. 8 Objects. The bomb, nicknamed `Little Boy’, was dropped from the USAAF B29 bomber `Enola Gay’ and exploded some 1,800 feet above the city. 5 January 2018 News story See all news and communications Transparency and freedom of information releases The Imperial War Museum (IWM) is unique in its coverage of. The War Memorials. Imperial War Museums home Visit IWM site. United Kingdom 70 items. We highlighted extraordinary stories of D-Day across our sites, including how HMS Belfast, IWM Duxford and Churchill War Rooms played a part in the largest combined naval, air and land operation in the history of warfare. One of five branches of the Imperial War Museum, it explores the impact of modern conflicts on people and society. Fittingly located at Duxford Airfield, one of the best-preserved World War One airfields in. All; 12 53 148 453 C10 N53 N155 12 12 to Oxford Circus 2 mins;(Imperial War Museums 2010. Stagecoach Manchester. Imperial War Museum Metrolink Tram Station. This makes us a practical resource to help put the wartime experiences of your relatives into context. 1. Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. What companies run services between London Paddington Station, England and Imperial War Museum (Station), England? London Underground (Tube) operates a vehicle from Paddington station to Lambeth North station every 5 minutes. FREE admission when you book in advance. 10 Significant Battles. Evolução do museu. 0. The painting gives clues about the management of the victims, their relative lack of protective clothing, the impact and. Admission is free, but there may be a charge for some temporary exhibitions; (although seniors, students and those who are unemployed can take advantage of discounted. Imperial War Museum, in the United Kingdom, national museum serving as a memorial and record of the wartime efforts and sacrifices of the people of Great Britain and the Commonwealth. Some even sent pressed poppies home in letters. It was designed by Daniel Burnham for Harry Gordon Selfridge, and opened in 1909. Buy now >Exhibitions And Displays. From the Cold War to the Present. Founded while the First World War was still raging, it gives voice to the extraordinary experiences of ordinary people forced to live their lives in a world torn apart by conflict. Imperial War Museums @ImperialWarMuseums 428K subscribers ‧ 385 videos Telling the story of those who have lived, fought and died in conflict, from 1914 to the present day. Timings: Daily 10 am to 6 pm. That's John Delaney, head of the Second World War team at Imperial War Museums. Imperial War Museum Duxford is a branch of the Imperial War Museum near Duxford in Cambridgeshire, England. Production date. It includes the items that they used, cherished and – in some cases – hid, to ensure that their experiences are meaningfully remembered. Before The War is a podcast and comic series exploring the lives of three artists whose worlds were changed by conflict, with illustrator @thefakepan. No visitor to this section of the Imperial War Museum will forget the personal stories of the soldiers, civilians and families caught up in the ‘war to end all wars’. The attack at Pearl Harbor was a huge gamble, but one which did not pay off. London City Centre. The Society of Friends of Imperial War Museums (Friends of IWM) is a charity that aims to advance the education of the public by providing support to the IWM. What companies run services between London Victoria, England and Imperial War Museum (Station), England? Abellio London operates a bus from Victoria Bus Station to Lambeth Road Kennington Road every 15 minutes. Last admission is at 5:30 p. Our new Second World War and The Holocaust Galleries are now open to the public. However, we do advise booking online in advance as tickets may not be available on the day of your visit. The head of the Friends of Imperial War Museums (IWM) charity is hopeful of reaching an agreement with the museum over how it can be brought in-house. IWM London London; IWM North Manchester; IWM Duxford Cambridgeshire; Churchill War Rooms. IWM North. Used By Air Raid Wardens During. History was made in Churchill War Rooms – the underground bunker that allowed Britain’s leaders to plot the allied route to victory during the Second World War. The Cinema Museum. In the 1930s the rise of Nazism was a growing threat to peace in Europe. However, striking south into British Malaya and the Dutch East Indies would almost certainly provoke an armed U. The War Memorials Register is the UK’s most comprehensive record of war memorials. This gallery has five branches throughout UK, three of which are in London. It includes around 16,000 works of fine art. Open in Maps. One of five branches of the Imperial War Museum, it explores the impact of modern conflicts on people and society. In the week leading up to the battle, over 1. The Crown and Cushion. Imperial War Museums interview details: 13 interview questions and 13 interview reviews posted anonymously by Imperial War Museums interview candidates. The number of visitors to Imperial War Museums (IWM) in England declined by roughly 89 percent in 2020/2021 over the previous fiscal year due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. L’Imperial War Museum è uno dei migliori musei del mondo dedicati alla tematica bellica. From the moment you step into the iconic atrium, to the countless discoveries. Here are eight things that might surprise you about IWM North. information Airspace will be closed to the public from 3pm on Wednesday 6 December 2023. Project and Planning Apprentice. Sound Archive. Buildings burning in Manchester after a German air raid on the night of 23 December 1940. £28,017 a year. Founded as the Imperial War Museum in 1917, and its focus is on recording civil and military war efforts and the sacrifice of all conflicts in which British or Commonwealth forces have been involved since 1914. £24,778 a year. Jobs at IWM. Search: Basket. Land heals, Memories Remain, 2018 By Jen Gash Oil on Canvas Jen Gash, Sky Arts Landscape Artist of the Year 2018, was commissioned by IWM to paint the landscape of Kosturino Ridge in present-day Macedonia. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 marked a significant escalation point in the Russo-Ukrainian War, which first began in 2014. The first convoy sailed in September 1941. 3 km from Big Ben in the centre of London, Stay Welcome Flat with Parking near Waterloo & St Thomas offers accommodation with free WiFi and free private parking. About. East and West Berliners came together in celebration. The Canadian War Museum in Ottawa sheds light on the conflicts that shaped Canada, Canadians and the world, from pre-contact warfare to the Cold War. století , speciálně těch, kterých se účastnila Velká. Advances in weaponry and military technology provoked tactical changes as each side tried to gain an advantage over the other. The Potsdam Conference (17 July – 2 August 1945) was the last meeting of the ‘Big Three’ Allied leaders during the Second World War. Serving routes Cornbrook - Trafford Centre and Trafford Centre - Cornbrook. 3 miles from Imperial War Museum) Set 1. Mustard gas was an indiscriminate weapon causing widespread injury and burns, as well as affecting the eyes. Evacuation took place in several waves. The laurel wreath as originally a symbol of victory, but has over time become a symbol of peace. Here are 10 important 'firsts' that happened during the First World War, the effects of which can still be felt today. Imperial War Museum North (sometimes referred to as IWM North) is a museum in the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford in Greater Manchester, England. All gifts are inspired by our collections and the stories they tell. 5/5. This cataclysmic, 4-year-long struggle shocked the world. For ideas to help you use these sources, take a look at our Suggested Activities. The Imperial War Museum presents London's greatest collection of military arms and hardware. The C6 Cycleway runs past the museum from Elephant & Castle. IWM is a global authority on conflict and its impact on people’s lives. Cuisines: Italian, Pizza. Open: Everyday: 10:00AM to 6:00PM. We collect objects and stories that give an insight into people’s experiences of war, preserve them for future generations, and bring them to today’s audiences in the most powerful way possible. The Imperial War Museum (IWM) is unique in its coverage of conflicts, especially those involving Britain and the Commonwealth, from World War 1 to the present day. Imperial War Museum, Lambeth Rd, London SE1 6HZ, England; +44 20 7416 5000. The Imperial War Museum had a special exhibit to honour the Queen's platinum jubilee titled "Crown & Conflict: Portraits of a Queen in Wartime". A career soldier, Kitchener served in Palestine, Egypt, South Africa and India prior to the First World War, eventually becoming Consul General to Egypt in 1911. York Road Buckingham Palace, London SE1 8SW England. It offers both an educational and interactive insight on how people lived during the war and the trauma that they faced. The British lost 131, 000 lives. The Imperial War Museum operates the HMS Belfast as a museum. HMS Belfast led the fleet supporting British and Canadian assaults on Normandy. Website: Imperial War Museums. IWM has proposed merging the Friends with the museum, but the plan did not achieve the two-thirds majority needed for approval at an extraordinary general meeting (EGM) of the Friends in. The Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC) was established in December 1916. A drone of the SDI surveillance drone system, used by the Royal Artillery, is given a pre-launch check at Larkhill in Wiltshire, England, May 1962. These Galleries have been nearly six years in the making. The Imperial War Museum is more accustomed to showing its visitors the history of war than peace, but their latest exhibition is the first in the UK to explore anti-war protests.